Congressional Leaders and Party Control

56th Congress (1899-1901)
President: William McKinley (R-OH)
Vice President: Theodore Roosevelt (R-NY)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 187 out of 357
House Speaker: Rep. David B. Henderson (R-IA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 53 out of 90
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: Civil Code for Alaska; Gold Standard Act; Puerto Rico Assistance Act; Foraker Act; Hawaiian Organic Act; Lacey Act; Cuban Extradition Act; Naval Appropriations Act of 1900; Military Efficiency Act; Army Appropriations Act; War Revenue Act of 1901; National Bureau of Standards Created
Senator Joseph Foraker (R-OH), author of the Foraker Act, which established civil government for Puerto Rico.

Senator Joseph Foraker (R-OH), author of the Foraker Act, which established civil government for Puerto Rico.

Above: Rep. Francis Newlands (D-NV), author of the Newlands Reclamation Act.

Above: Rep. Francis Newlands (D-NV), author of the Newlands Reclamation Act.

57th Congress (1901-1903)
President: Theodore Roosevelt (R-NY)
Vice President: (none)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 200 out of 357
House Speaker: Rep. David B. Henderson (R-IA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 56 out of 90
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: Census Bureau Creation; War Tax Repeal; Chinese Exclusion Continued; Oleomargarine Act; Newlands Reclamation Act; Spooner Act (Isthmus Canal); Public Health Reorganization; Philippines Civil Government; Navy Appropriations of 1902; Militia Efficiency; Bankruptcy Amendments; Expedition Act; Create Departments of Commerce and Labor; Army Staff Corp Reorganization; Elkins Anti-Rebate (ICC); Immigration Regulation (Anarchists)

58th Congress (1903-1905)
President: Theodore Roosevelt (R-NY)
Vice President: (none)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 207 out of 386
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 57 out of 90
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: U.S.-Cuba Convention; Transfer Act of 1905; Philippines Administration Act; Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Branch Appropriations Act of 1904; Trademark Act of 1905; Philippines Shipping Regulation; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1904; Naval Appropriations Act of 1904; Temporary Government for the Canal Zona at Panama; Post Office Appropriations Act of 1904; Military Cargo Preference Act; Naval Appropriations Act of 1905; Insect Pest Act; Great Britain Negotiation; Rivers and Harbors Law Compilation
Above: Rep. George Foss (R-IL), author of the Naval Appropriations Act of 1905.

Above: Rep. George Foss (R-IL), author of the Naval Appropriations Act of 1905.

Above: House Speaker “Uncle” Joe Cannon (R-IL)

Above: House Speaker “Uncle” Joe Cannon (R-IL)

59th Congress (1905-1907)
President: Theodore Roosevelt (R-NY)
Vice President: Charles Fairbanks (R-IN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 251 out of 386
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 58 out of 90
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: Tillman Act; Consular Reorganization Act; Immigration Act of 1907; Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Branch Appropriations Act of 1907; Citizen and Expatriation Act; Antiquities Act of 1906; Employers' Liability Act; Statehood for OK, NM, AZ; Agriculture Appropriations of 1907; Amend the National Banking Act; Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Branch Appropriations Act of 1906; Sixteen Hour Bill; Naval Appropriations Act; Interstate Commerce Rate Act; Naturalization Act; Agriculture Appropriations of 1906; Pure Food Act; Immunity of Witnesses (Antitrust)

60th Congress (1907-1909)
President: Theodore Roosevelt (R-NY)
Vice President: Charles Fairbanks (R-IN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 223 out of 391
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 61 out of 92
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: Employer's Liability Act of 1908; Indian Department Appropriations; Navy Appropriations Bill; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1908; DC Child Labor Law; Currency Bill (Aldrich-Vreeland); Workman's Comp Act of 1908; Opium Exclusion Act of 1909; Enlarged Homestead Act; Correcting Records of NCO's; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1909; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1909; Copyright Act; Criminal Code Revision of 1909
Above: Senator Nelson Aldrich (R-RI), sponsor of the Aldrich-Vreeland Currency Act.

Above: Senator Nelson Aldrich (R-RI), sponsor of the Aldrich-Vreeland Currency Act.

Above: House Majority Leader Sereno E. Payne (R-NY)

Above: House Majority Leader Sereno E. Payne (R-NY)

61st Congress (1909-1911)
President: William Taft (R-OH)
Vice President: James Sherman (R-NY)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 219 out of 391
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 60 out of 90
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909; Immigration Act of 1910; Bureau of Mines Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1910; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1910; Mann-Elkins Act; AZ, NM Enabling Act; Rivers and Harbors Act of 1910; Civil Expense Act of 1910; Postal Savings Act of 1910; Publicity Act of 1910; Mann Act; Reimbursement Act; Public Land Withdrawal Act; Expedition Act of 1910; Weeks Forest Purchase Act; Currency Act of 1911; Judiciary Code Act of 1911; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1911; 16th Amendment

62nd Congress (1911-1913)
President: William Taft (R-OH)
Vice President: James Sherman (R-NY)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 230 out of 394
House Speaker: Rep. James Beauchamp ("Champ”) Clark (D-MO)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 52 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: (none)
Important Enactments: Canada Reciprocity Act; Electoral Reform Act of 1911; Children's Bureau Established; Matchstick Act; Pension Act of 1912; Eight-Hour Workday for Federal Contractors; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1912; Rename Public Health Service; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1912; Sundry Appropriations Act of 1912; Alaska Organic Act; Lloyd La Follette Act (Postal Employment); Panama-Canal Act; Webb-Kenyon Act; Physical Valuation Act; Department of Labor Established; AZ, NM Admitted; 17th Amendment
Above: Rep. William Rucker (D-MO), sponsor of the 17th Amendment.

Above: Rep. William Rucker (D-MO), sponsor of the 17th Amendment.

Above: Speaker of the House Champ Clark (D-MO)

Above: Speaker of the House Champ Clark (D-MO)

63rd Congress (1913-1915)
President: Woodrow Wilson (D-NJ)
Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall (D-IN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 291 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. James Beauchamp ("Champ”) Clark (D-MO)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 51 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Joseph Kern (D-IN)
Important Enactments: Railroad Worker Mediation; Underwood Tariff Act; Federal Reserve Act; Alaska State Road/Railroad; Agricultural Extension (Smith-Lever Act); Panama Canal Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1914; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1915; Cotton Futures Act; Foreign Built Ship Act; FTC Established; Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1914; Clayton Antitrust Act; Alaska Coal Fields; U.S. Coast Guard Created; Ship Registry Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1915; Seamen's Act of 1915; War Revenue Act of 1914

64th Congress (1915-1917)
President: Woodrow Wilson (D-NJ)
Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall (D-IN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 230 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. James Beauchamp ("Champ”) Clark (D-MO)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 56 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Joseph Kern (D-IN)
Important Enactments: Army Reorganization; Good Roads Act; Federal Farm Loan Act; Rivers and Harbors Act of 1916; Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1916; Establishment of National Park Service; ICC Bill of Lading Act; Philippines Autonomy; Navy Enlargement; Child Labor Law; Railroad 8 Hour Day; Shipping Act; Federal Employee's Compensation Act; Revenue Act 1916; Immigration Act of 1917; Smith-Hughes Act; Puerto Rico Organic Act; Post Office Appropriations Act of 1917; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1917; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1917; Armed Ship Bill
"I can reach the highest ideal of my tradition and my lineage as an American, as a man, as a citizen, and as a public official when I judge my fellowmen without malice and with charity; when I worry more about my own motives and conduct and less abo…

"I can reach the highest ideal of my tradition and my lineage as an American, as a man, as a citizen, and as a public official when I judge my fellowmen without malice and with charity; when I worry more about my own motives and conduct and less about the motives and conduct of others. The only time I am liable to be wrong is when I know that I am absolutely right." -- Vice President Thomas R. Marshall (above)

Above: Rep. Jeannette Rankin (R-MT)

Above: Rep. Jeannette Rankin (R-MT)

65th Congress (1917-1919)


President: Woodrow Wilson (D-NJ)
Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall (D-IN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 217 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. James Beauchamp ("Champ”) Clark (D-MO)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 54 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Joseph Kern (D-IN)
Important Enactments: Liberty Loan Act; Selective Service Act; Espionage Act; Agricultural Distribution Act; Lever Food and Fuel Control Act; Revenue Act 1917; Trading With the Enemy Act; Standard Time Act of 1918; Railroad Control Act; War Finance Corporation Act; Export Trade Act; Sabotage Act; Sedition Act; Overman Act; Vocational Rehabilitation; Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1918; Agricultural Distribution Enactment Act; Revenue Act of 1919; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1919; War with Austria-Hungary; War with Germany; 18th Amendment

66th Congress (1919-1921)
President: Woodrow Wilson (D-NJ)
Vice President: Thomas R. Marshall (D-IN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 240 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Frederick Gillett (R-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 49 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA)
Important Enactments: Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1919; Food Control Act Amendments; National Prohibition Act; War Risk Insurance Act Amendment; Federal Reserve Act Amendments; Sugar Control Bill; Mineral Leading Act; Transportation Act of 1920; Civil Service Retirement Act; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1920; Army Act of 1920; Jones Merchant Marine Act; Federal Water Power Act; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriations Act of 1921; Hospitals for Former Soldiers; War Finance Corporation Resolution; 19th Amendment; Emergency Tariff Act of 1921
"Mr. President, I entirely understand the feeling of the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] that he desires to get back to the schedule. I always have that feeling myself after I have spoke two or three times in a debate that the whole debate s…

"Mr. President, I entirely understand the feeling of the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] that he desires to get back to the schedule. I always have that feeling myself after I have spoke two or three times in a debate that the whole debate should cease." Senate Majority Floor Leader Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA) (above).

Above: Sen. Porter J. McCumber (R-ND), co-author of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff.

Above: Sen. Porter J. McCumber (R-ND), co-author of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff.

67th Congress (1921-1923)
President: Warren G. Harding (R-OH)
Vice President: Calvin Coolidge (R-MA)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 302 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Frederick Gillett (R-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 59 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA)
Important Enactments: Immigration Restrictions Emergency Tariff 1921; Budget and Accounting Act 1921; Naval Appropriations Act of 1921 Establishment of Veterans' Bureau; Packers and Stockyards Act; Colorado River Apportionment; Futures Tax Act of 1921; National Prohibition Supplement; Maternity and Infancy Act; Revenue Act of 1921; World War Foreign Debt Commission; Cooperative Marketing Act; Alaska Coal and Oil Land Lease; National Drug Law; Naval Disarmament; Tariff of 1922 (Fordney-McCumber); Agriculture Futures Trading Grain; Cable Act; United States Coal Commission Act; Rivers and Harbors 1922; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1923; Warehouse Act Amendments; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1923; Oklahoma Oil and Coal; Agricultural Credits Act; Field Services Classification Act  

68th Congress (1923-1925)
President: Warren G. Harding (R-OH)
Vice President: Calvin Coolidge (R-MA)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 225 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Frederick Gillett (R-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 53 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA)
Important Enactments: Bonus Act; Rogers Foreign Service Act; Immigration Act 1924; Indian Citizenship Act; Revenue Act of 1924; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1924; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1924; World War Veterans Act of 1924; Clarke-McNary Reforestation Act; Airmail Act of 1925; Judges' Bill; Federal Corrupt Practices, 1925; Proposed Child Labor Amendment; Hoch-Smith Resolution; Muscle Shoals Dam Act of 1925
Rep. Homer Hoch (R-KS), co-author of the Hoch-Smith Resolution

Rep. Homer Hoch (R-KS), co-author of the Hoch-Smith Resolution

Speaker of the House, Rep. Nicholas Longworth (R-OH)

Speaker of the House, Rep. Nicholas Longworth (R-OH)

69th Congress (1925-1927)
President: Calvin Coolidge (R-MA)
Vice President: Charles Dawes (R-IL)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 247 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Nicholas Longworth (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 54 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Charles Curtis (R-KS)
Important Enactments: Revenue Act of 1926; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1926; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1926; Air Commerce Act of 1926; Railway Labor Act; Public Buildings Act; Air Corps Efficiency Act; World War Pensions Act; Farm Marketing Act; Civil Service Pensions Act; Rivers and Harbors Authorization Act of 1926; Radio Act 1927; Federal Reserve Act Amendment; Treasury Prohibition Reorganization; Permanent Court of International Justice; McNary-Haugen Bill of 1927

70th Congress (1927-1929)
President: Calvin Coolidge (R-MA)
Vice President: Charles Dawes (R-IL)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 238 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Nicholas Longworth (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 48 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Charles Curtis (R-KS)
Important Enactments: Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1929; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1929; Flood Control Act; Jones-White Merchant Marine Act; McSweeney-McNary Act; Revenue Act 1928; Postal Rate Increase; Boulder Canyon Project Act; Naval Construction Act of 1929; Migratory Bird Conservation Act; Military Appropriations; Supplementary Appropriations; Origins Act of 1929; Kellogg Briand Treaty; Supplementary Appropriations; Origins Act of 1929; Administration of American Samoa; Kellogg Briand Treaty
"I should hate to think that the Senate was as tired of me at the beginning of my service as I am of the Senate at the end." Vice President Charles G. Dawes

"I should hate to think that the Senate was as tired of me at the beginning of my service as I am of the Senate at the end." Vice President Charles G. Dawes

Senator Reed Smoot (R-UT), co-sponsor of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Senator Reed Smoot (R-UT), co-sponsor of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

71st Congress (1929-1931)
President: Herbert Hoover (R-CA)
Vice President: Charles Curtis (R-KS)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 270 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Nicholas Longworth (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 56 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. James E. Watson (R-IN)
Important Enactments: Legislative Appropriations Act of 1929; Agricultural Marketing Act; Census and Reapportionment Act of 1929; Revenue Act 1929; Airmail Act; NIH established; Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1930; War Pensions; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1930; Smoot Hawley Tariff; Federal Power Commission Reorganization; Rivers and Harbors Act; WW Vets Act; Consolidation Act; Supplemental Appropriations Act; Employment Stabilization; Department of the Interior Appropriations Act; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1932; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1932; Adoption of National Anthem; Muscle Shoals Dam Act of 1931

72nd Congress (1931-1933)
President: Herbert Hoover (R-CA)
Vice President: Charles Curtis (R-KS)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 217 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John Nance Garner (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 48 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. James E. Watson (R-IN)
Important Enactments: Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Federal Farm Loan Act Revision; Federal Reserve Act Amendments; Norris-LaGuardia Act; Revenue Act of 1932; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branch Appropriations Act of 1932; Emergency Relief Act; Home Loan Banks; Philippine Independence Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1933; Treasury and Post Office Appropriations Act of 1933; 20th Amendment; 21st Amendment; Tariff Act of 1930 Amendments
Speaker of the House John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner (D-TX)

Speaker of the House John Nance "Cactus Jack" Garner (D-TX)

[Replying to a member complaining about the usage of a closed rule]"The gentleman has been here a long time. The gentleman knows how the game is played here in the House of Representatives." - Rules Committee Chair, Rep. William Bankhead (D-AL)

[Replying to a member complaining about the usage of a closed rule]

"The gentleman has been here a long time. The gentleman knows how the game is played here in the House of Representatives." - Rules Committee Chair, Rep. William Bankhead (D-AL)

73rd Congress (1933-1935)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY)
Vice President: John Nance Garner (D-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 313 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Henry Thomas Rainey (D-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 60 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Joseph T. Robinson (D-AR)
Important Enactments: Emergency Banking; Economy Act; Low Alcohol Beer; Civilian Conservation Corps; Agriculture Adjustment Act; Federal Emergency Relief; TVA Act; Securities Act; National Employment System Act; Home Owners Loan Act; Banking Act; NIRA; Emergency Railroad Transport; Farm Credit Act; Gold Reserve Act; Federal Farm Mortgage Corp; Federal Emergency Relief Act Supplementary Appropriation; Tydings - McDuffie Philippines Independence Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1934; Naval Parity Act; Independent Offices Appropriation Act; Agricultural Adjustment Act Revision; Cotton Marketing; Home Owners' Loan Corporation Bond Guarantee Act; Sugar Commodity Act; Revenue Act 1934; Crime Control Acts; Communication Monitoring Act; Kidnapped Persons Act; Interstate Prosecution Act; Federal Penal Corrections Act; Federal Reserve System Adjustment Act; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1934; SEC Act; Trade Agreements Act; Indian Reorganization Act; Communications Act; Silver Purchasing Act; Railway Labor Amendment Act; Federal Credit Union Act; The National Firearms Act (NFA); National Housing Act; Grazing Act; Tobacco Adjustment Act; Uniform Bankruptcy Amendment Act; Uniform Value Act

74th Congress (1935-1937)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY)
Vice President: John Nance Garner (D-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 322 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph W. Byrns (D-TN)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 70 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Joseph T. Robinson (D-AR)
Important Enactments: Farmer Loan Act; Soil Conservation; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1935; NLRA (Wagner Act); Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1935; Motor Carrier Act; Supplemental Appropriations Act; Social Security Act; Banking Act 1935; Public Utility Act; Farm Mortgage Moratorium Act; Railroad Retirement Act; Bituminous Coal Conservation Act; Revenue Act 1935; Rivers and Harbors Act; Adjusted Compensation Payment Act; Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment; Rural Electrification; Robinson-Patman Act; Flood Control; Revenue Act 1936; Virgin Islands Organic Act; Merchant Marine Act of 1936; Walsh-Healey Government Contracts Act; Emergency Relief Appropriation Act; Neutrality Resolution; Resolution Extension
"We have been told here that we ought to balance the budget. It has become a sort of shibboleth, a sacred slogan in the last few weeks. Although, for 150 years as a nation, we did without a budget and did not know what a budget was, no that we have …

"We have been told here that we ought to balance the budget. It has become a sort of shibboleth, a sacred slogan in the last few weeks. Although, for 150 years as a nation, we did without a budget and did not know what a budget was, no that we have one we do not know what to do with. We can not balance it and we can not leave it unbalanced." - Senator Alben Barkley (D-KY)

"God pity America in the future if we continue to refuse to shoulder the responsibility that is ours, and cowardly, both directly and indirectly, by surreption and every other means, turn over our constitutional prerogatives and surrender not only o…

"God pity America in the future if we continue to refuse to shoulder the responsibility that is ours, and cowardly, both directly and indirectly, by surreption and every other means, turn over our constitutional prerogatives and surrender not only our rights but also our duties to some individual at the other end of Pennsylvania Avenue." - Rep. Dewey Jackson Short (R-MO)

75th Congress (1937-1939)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY)
Vice President: John Nance Garner (D-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 334 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph W. Byrns (D-TN)/Rep. William D. Bankhead (D-AL)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 78 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Joseph T. Robinson (D-AR)/Sen. Alben Barkley (D-KY)
Important Enactments: Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1937; Supreme Court Retirement Act; Arms Transportation Revision Act; Bituminous Coal Act; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1937; Work Relief Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1937; Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act; National Cancer Act; Bonneville Project; Judicial Procedures Reform Act; Revenue Act 1937; US Housing Act 1937; Wildlife Restoration Act; AAA of 1938; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1938; Naval Expansion Act; Revenue Act 1938; Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1938; Natural Gas Act; Chandler Act; Civil Aeronautics Act; Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; Fair Labor Standards Act; Civil Service Reorganization Act of 1938; Water Pollution Control Act

76th Congress (1939-1941)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY)
Vice President: John Nance Garner (D-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 262 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. William D. Bankhead (D-AL)/Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 78 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Alben Barkley (D-KY)
Important Enactments: Administrative Reorganization Act of 1939; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1939; Revenue Act 1939; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1939; Hatch Act; Social Security Amends; Lending Authority Increase Act; Bald Eagle Protection Act; Naval Expansion; Naval Composition Act; Revenue Act 1940; Alien Registration; Defense Expedition Act; Hatch Act (DC); Investment Advisors Act; Selective Training and Service; Railroad Commerce Act; Second Revenue Act of 1940; Wool Products Labeling; Work Relief Supplementary Appropriations; Neutrality Act of 1939
"Any jackass can kick down a barn, but it takes a carpenter to build one." - Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)

"Any jackass can kick down a barn, but it takes a carpenter to build one." - Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)

"When you expect to vote wrong; do not make a speech about it." - Senator Alva Blanchard Adams (D-CO), quoting former Senator Claude Swanson (D-VA)

"When you expect to vote wrong; do not make a speech about it." - Senator Alva Blanchard Adams (D-CO), quoting former Senator Claude Swanson (D-VA)

77th Congress (1941-1943)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY)
Vice President: Henry Wallace (D-IA)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 267 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 66 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Alben Barkley (D-KY)
Important Enactments: Excess Profits Tax; Lend Lease Act; Corn and Wheat Quotas; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1941; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1941; Selective Service Extension; Revenue Act 1941; Neutrality Repeal; Defense Highway Act; War with Japan; War with Germany; War with Italy; 1st War Powers Act; Draft Act; Thanksgiving Holiday; Price Control; 2nd War Powers Act; Women's Auxiliary Army Corps; War with Bulgaria; War with Hungary; War with Rumania; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1942; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1942; Women Accepted for Volunteer Service; Stabilization Act of 1942; Revenue Act 1942; 18 Year Old Draft

78th Congress (1943-1945)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY)
Vice President: Henry Wallace (D-IA)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 222 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 57 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Alben Barkley (D-KY)
Important Enactments: First Defense Extension Act; Female Military Physicians Act; Farm Labor Supply Act; Current Tax Payment Act; War Labor Disputes; Legislative and Judicial Branch Appropriations Act of 1943; Women's Army Corps; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1943; Labor Appropriations Act; Public Health Service; Chinese Exclusion Repeal; Revenue Act 1943; UN Forerunner; Soldier Vote Act; Second Defense Extension Act; Individual Income Tax; Servicemen's Readjustment Act; War Agencies Appropriations Act; War Contract Settlement Act; Surplus Property Act; War Mobilization and Reconversion Act; Increase Congressional Staff; Federal Aid Roads
"Mr. President, I congratulate the Vice President on the fact that he has an opportunity to break a tie vote, and that having had the opportunity he voted wrong." -- Senator Walter George (D-GA)

"Mr. President, I congratulate the Vice President on the fact that he has an opportunity to break a tie vote, and that having had the opportunity he voted wrong." -- Senator Walter George (D-GA)

"'“You might as well try to repair a B-29 with an old-fashioned monkey wrench as to do the job Congress faces today with its present tools." - Rep. Mike Monroney (D-OK), co-sponsor of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1945.

"

'“You might as well try to repair a B-29 with an old-fashioned monkey wrench as to do the job Congress faces today with its present tools." - Rep. Mike Monroney (D-OK), co-sponsor of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1945.

79th Congress (1945-1947)
President: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D-NY) / Harry S. Truman (D-MO)
Vice President: Harry S. Truman (D-MO) / None
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 244 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 57 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Alben Barkley (D-KY)
Important Enactments: McCarran-Ferguson Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1945; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1945; Emergency Price Control Act Extension; Presidential Tariff Powers Extension; Bretton Woods Agreement Act; Export-Import Bank Act of 1945; Revenue Act 1945; Corporation Control Act; Government Reorganization Act of 1945; U.S. Participation in the United Nations; War Brides Act; Filipino Rescission Act of 1946; Employment Act of 1946; Federal Airport Act; Federal Employees Salary Raise; National School Lunch Act of 1946; Administrative Procedures Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1946; Alien Fiancee Law; Hobbs Anti-Racketeering Act; Lanham Act (Trademark Act of 1946); British Loan Act; Fulbright Scholars Act; Atomic Energy Act; Legislative Reorganization Act of 1945; Social Security Act Amendments; Foreign Service Act of 1946; Hill-Burton Hospital Survey and Construction Act; Indian Claims Commission Act; Farmers Home Administration Act of 1946; Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act

80th Congress (1947-1949)
President: Harry S. Truman (D-MO)
Vice President: None
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 246 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph W. Martin (R-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 51 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Wallace White (R-ME)
Important Enactments: Portal-to-Portal Act of 1947; Greek-Turkish Aid; Foreign Relief Act; Taft-Hartley; Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) of 1947; Presidential Succession Plan Pacific Island Trust;; National Security Act; Smith-Mundt Act; Income Tax Reduction; Marshall Plan; Civil Air Patrol Act; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1948; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1948; The Selective Service Act of 1948; Displaced Persons Act; Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act of 1948; Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948; War Claims Act of 1948; Price Supports Agriculture Act of 1948; Foreign Aid Appropriations Act of 1948; 22nd Amendment
Senator Robert Taft (R-OH)

Senator Robert Taft (R-OH)

"No. I'd rather run the Pentagon from up here." - Rep. Carl Vinson (D-GA) (above), the House Armed Services Committee Chairman, when asked about serving as President Truman's Secretary of Defense.


"No. I'd rather run the Pentagon from up here." - Rep. Carl Vinson (D-GA) (above), the House Armed Services Committee Chairman, when asked about serving as President Truman's Secretary of Defense.

81st Congress (1949-1951)
President: Harry S. Truman (D-MO)
Vice President: Alben Barkley (D-KY)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 263 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 49 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Scott Lucas (D-IL)
Important Enactments: Compensation Increase; Executive Reorganization; Central Intelligence Agency of 1949; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1949; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1949; Housing Act; National Security Act Amendments; Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949; Fair Labor Standards Act Amendments; Classification Act of 1949; Agricultural Act of 1949; Uniform Code of Military Justice Act; National Science Foundation Act; Foreign Economic Assistance Act; Guam Organic Act; Fish Restoration Act; Social Security Amendments of 1950 Defense Production Act of 1950; Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950; Revenue Act of 1950; McCarran Internal Security Act; Performance Rating Act of 1950; Excess Profits Tax Act; Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950

82nd Congress (1951-1953)
President: Harry S. Truman (D-MO)
Vice President: Alben Barkley (D-KY)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 235 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 49 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Ernest McFarland (D-AZ)
Important Enactments: India Emergency Food Aid Act; Reciprocal Trade Act Extension; Defense Production Act Amendments of 1951; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1951; Mutual Security Act of 1951; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1951; War with Germany Termination; Revenue Act of 1951; Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act; Mutual Security Act of 1952; McCarran-Walter Act; Puerto Rice Constitution; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1952; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1952; Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act; Federal Coal Mine Safety Act Amendments; Wire Fraud Act of 1952; Social Security Increase
Senator Pat McCarran (D-AZ)

Senator Pat McCarran (D-AZ)

Speaker of the House, Rep. Joseph Martin (R-MA)

Speaker of the House, Rep. Joseph Martin (R-MA)

83rd Congress (1953-1955)
President: Dwight D. Eisenhower (R-KS)
Vice President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 221 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Joseph Martin (R-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 48 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Robert Taft (R-OH) / Sen. William F. Knowland (R-CA)
Important Enactments: Department of Health, Education and Welfare; Submerged Lands Act; Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1953; Small Business Administration Act; Legislative - Judiciary Appropriation Act of 1953; Refugee Relief Act of 1953; Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act; St. Lawrence Seaway Act of 1954; Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1954; Legislative - Judiciary Appropriation Act of 1954; Agricultural Trade and Development; Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands; Housing Act of 1954; Internal Revenue Code of 1954; Communist Control Act of 1954; Atomic Energy Act of 1954; Social Security Act Amendments; Custom Simplification Act of 1954

84th Congress (1955-1957)
President: Dwight D. Eisenhower (R-KS)
Vice President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 232 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 49 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Important Enactments: Formosa and Pescadores Defense Act; Reciprocal Trade Act; Mutual Security Act of 1955; In God We Trust Motto on Currency; Air Pollution Control Act of 1955; Mutual Security Appropriations Act of 1955; Reserve Forces Act of 1955; Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act of 1955; Minimum Wage Increase; Upper Colorado River Project; Bank Holding Company Act; Soil Bank Act; Department of Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1956; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1956; Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956; Defense Appropriations Act of 1956; Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1956; Narcotics Control Act; Health Research Facilities Act of 1956; In God We Trust Official Motto Adopted; Mutual Security Appropriations Act of 1956; Social Security Amendments of 1956; Servicemen's and Veteran's Survivor Benefits Act; Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956
"Mr. President, I again ask for the yeas and nays. Every man has a right to commit suicide." - Senator Paul Douglas (D-IL)

"Mr. President, I again ask for the yeas and nays. Every man has a right to commit suicide." - Senator Paul Douglas (D-IL)

Judiciary Committee Chairman, Rep. Emanuel Celler (D-NY)

Judiciary Committee Chairman, Rep. Emanuel Celler (D-NY)

85th Congress (1957-1959)
President: Dwight D. Eisenhower (R-KS)
Vice President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 232 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 49 out of 96
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Important Enactments: Middle East Resolution; Labor, Health and Welfare Appropriations Act of 1957; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1957; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1957; Airways Modernization Act of 1958; Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act; Civil Rights Act of 1957; Advanced Research Projects Agency Created; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1958; Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Act; Corporate and Excise Tax Extension; Alaska Admitted to the Union; Small Business Act Amendments; National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1958; Department of Defense Reorganization; Transportation Act of 1958; Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1958; Small Business Investment Act; Federal Aviation Act; Former Presidents Act; Creation of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization; The Agricultural Act of 1958; Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act; Social Security Amendments of 1958; National Defense Education Act of 1958; Food Additives Amendment

86th Congress (1959-1961)
President: Dwight D. Eisenhower (R-KS)
Vice President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 282 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 65 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Important Enactments: Hawaii Admitted to the Union; Executive Branch Appropriations Act of 1959; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1959; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1959; Veterans' Pension Act of 1959; Landrum-Griffin Act; Agricultural Trade and Development Assistance Extension Act; Housing Act of 1959; Federal Employees Health Benefits Act; Mutual Security Appropriations Act of 1959; Civil Rights Act of 1960; Mutual Security Act Amendments; Multiple Use Sustained Yield Act of 1960 Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1960; International Development Associations Act; Stella Missouri Property Army Lease Act; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1960; Social Security Amendments; Area Redevelopment Act of 1960; Twenty-Third Amendment
"If you [want] to pass a bill to legalize prostitution, you call it a reform bill and you can get it through the House in 30 minutes." - Rep. Wayne Hays (D-OH)

"If you [want] to pass a bill to legalize prostitution, you call it a reform bill and you can get it through the House in 30 minutes." - Rep. Wayne Hays (D-OH)

Vice President Lyndon Johnson (D-TX)

Vice President Lyndon Johnson (D-TX)

87th Congress (1961-1963)
President: John F. Kennedy (D-MA)
Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 264 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 64 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Area Redevelopment Act; Fair Labor Standards Act Amendments; Social Security Amendments; Housing Act of 1961; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1961; Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1961; Initial Apollo Mission Funding; Foreign Assistance Act of 1961; Crimes in the Sky Act; Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act; Peace Corps Act; Arms Control and Disarmament Act; Community Health Services and Facilities Act of 1961; Manpower Development and Training Act; Tariff Classification Act; Public Welfare Amendments; Foreign Assistance Act of 1962; Depository Library Act of 1962; Communications Satellite Act; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1962; Food and Drug Amendments; Self-Employed Individuals Tax Retirement Act; Trade Expansion Act of 1962; Revenue Act of 1962; Bribery, Graft, and Conflicts of Interest Act of 1962; Vaccination Assistance Act of 1962; Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act (Alliance for Progress Part); Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1962; Twenty-Fourth Amendment

88th Congress (1963-1965)
President: John F. Kennedy (D-MA) / Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX) / None
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 258 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John W. McCormack (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 66 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Equal Pay Act; Aid to Medical Schools; Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963; Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963; Clean Air Act; Vocational Education Act of 1963; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1963; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1963; Revenue Act of 1964; Presidential Transition Act; Agricultural Act of 1964; Civil Rights Act of 1964; Urban Mass Transportation Act; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1964; Executive Branch Appropriations Act of 1964; Food Stamp Act of 1964; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1964; Wilderness Act of 1964; Land and Water Conservation Fund Act; Nurse Training Act of 1964
Rep. Wilbur Mills (D-AR), the powerful chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee.

Rep. Wilbur Mills (D-AR), the powerful chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee.

89th Congress (1965-1967)
President: Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Vice President: Hubert Humphrey (D-MN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 295 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John W. McCormack (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 68 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965; Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965; Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1965; Older Americans Act of 1965; Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1965; Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act; Social Security Amendments of 1965 (Medicare and Medicaid); Voting Rights Act of 1965; Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965; Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965; Department of Housing and Urban Development; National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities; Water Quality Act of 1965; Immigration and Nationality Act; Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments; Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act; Highway Beautification Act of 1965; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1965; Food and Agriculture Act of 1965; Higher Education Act of 1965; Cold War Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act; Uniform Time Act of 1966; Freedom of Information Act; National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966; Highway Safety Act of 1966; Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1966; Child Nutrition Act; National Historic Preservation Act; Endangered Species Preservation Act; Department of Transportation Act; Air Pollution Control Amendments; Comprehensive Health Planning and Public Health Services Amendments of 1966; Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966; Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966; Fair Packaging and Labeling Act; Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation; Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1966 Twenty-Fifth Amendment

90th Congress (1967-1969)
President: Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
Vice President: Hubert Humphrey (D-MN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 248 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John W. McCormack (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 64 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1967; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1967; Public Broadcasting Act of 1967; Foreign Assistance Act of 1967; Air Quality Act of 1967; Federal Meat Inspection Act; Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; Quadrennial Pay Commission; Bilingual Education Act; Social Security Act Amendments of 1967; Civil Rights Act of 1968; Consumer Credit Protection Act; Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968; Revenue and Expenditures Control Act of 1968; Flag Protection Act of 1968; Aircraft Noise Abatement Act; Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968; Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968; Wholesome Poultry Products Act; Colorado River Basin Project Act; National Wild and Scenic Rivers System; National Trails System Act; Gun Control Act of 1968
Senator Mike Mansfield (D-MT), the Senate majority leader

Senator Mike Mansfield (D-MT), the Senate majority leader

"But maybe, just maybe, Congress does not consist of angels." - Rep. Andrew Jacobs (D-IN)

"But maybe, just maybe, Congress does not consist of angels." - Rep. Andrew Jacobs (D-IN)

91st Congress (1969-1971)
President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA)
Vice President: Spiro Agnew (R-MD)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 248 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John W. McCormack (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 57 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Children Protection and Toy Safety Act of 1969; Draft Lottery System; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1969; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1969; Tax Reform Act of 1969; Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969; National Environmental Policy Act of 1969; Cigarette Advertising; Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970; Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970; Voting Rights Act; amendments of 1970; Newspaper Preservation Act; D.C. Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act of 1970; Employment Security Amendments of 1970; Postal Reorganization Act; Economic Stabilization Act of 1970; Nonvoting DC Delegate Act; Organized Crime Control Act of 1970; Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1970; Bank Secrecy Act; Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970; Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970; Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970; Agriculture Act of 1970; Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970; Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970; Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970; Clean Air Amendments of 1970; Bank Holding Company Act Amendments of 1970; Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1970; Food Stamp Act of 1970; Foreign Military Sales Act Amendments

92nd Congress (1971-1973)
President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA)
Vice President: Spiro Agnew (R-MD)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 255 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Carl Albert (D-OK)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 54 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Social Security Amendments of 1971; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1971; Emergency Employment Act of 1971; Emergency Loan Guarantee Act; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1971; Revenue Act of 1971; Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act; Economic Stabilization Act Amendments of 1971; National Cancer Act of 1971; Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971; Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act of 1972; Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972; Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972; Delegates to the House of Representatives from Guam and Virgin Islands; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act; Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act of 1972; Social Security Amendments of 1972; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1972; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1972; Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC); US–USSR Strategic Arms Limitation Act; Federal Advisory Committee Act; Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972; Federal-State Revenue Sharing; Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972; Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972; State, Justice, and Commerce Appropriations Act of 1972; Consumer Product Safety Act; Noise Control Act of 1972; Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972; Supplemental Security Income Program for the Aged, Blind and Disabled; Equal Rights Amendment; Twenty-Sixth Amendment
"The House ends up, almost always, voting for a bill that is three-fourths decent, one-fourth lousy, without amendments." - Rep. Thomas J. "Tip" O'Neill

"The House ends up, almost always, voting for a bill that is three-fourths decent, one-fourth lousy, without amendments." - Rep. Thomas J. "Tip" O'Neill

"The Senator made a good case. I must say I never heard a better case made for such a weak case than the one the Senator made." - Senator Russell Long (D-LA) (above), "complimenting" Senator Edmund Muskie (D-ME).

"The Senator made a good case. I must say I never heard a better case made for such a weak case than the one the Senator made." - Senator Russell Long (D-LA) (above), "complimenting" Senator Edmund Muskie (D-ME).

93rd Congress (1973-1975)
President: Richard M. Nixon (R-CA) / Gerald Ford (R-MI)
Vice President: Gerald Ford (R-MI) / None
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 243 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Carl Albert (D-OK)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 56 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Prohibition on Funds for U.S. Combat Activities in Southeast Asia; Debt Limit Extension of 1973, Part 1; Social Security Increase 5.9 Percent; Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973; Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973; Rehabilitation Act of 1973; Department of Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1973; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1973; War Powers Resolution; Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act; Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973; Debt Limit Extension of 1973, Part 2; Foreign Assistance Act of 1973; District of Columbia Home Rule Act; Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973; Endangered Species Act of 1973; Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973; Social Security Benefits Increase; Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973; Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1974; Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974; Disaster Relief Act of 1974; Debt Limit Extension of 1974; Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974; Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974; Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974; Housing and Community Development Act of 1974; Employee Retirement Income Security Act; Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974; Energy Reorganization Act; Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974; Equal Credit Opportunity Act; Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1974; National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974; Safe Drinking Water Act; Privacy Act of 1974; Federal Rules of Evidence Act; Trade Act of 1974; Speedy Trial Act; Hazardous Material Transportation Act; Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act

94th Congress (1975-1977)
President: Gerald Ford (R-MI)
Vice President: Nelson Rockefeller (D-NY)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 291 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Carl Albert (D-OK)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 61 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
Important Enactments: Tax Reduction Act of 1975; Cambodian and Vietnamese Refugees Act; Securities Act Amendments of 1975; Legislative Appropriations Act of 1975; Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975; Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975; New York City Seasonal Financing Act of 1975; Repeal of Fair Trade Laws; Energy Policy and Conservation Act; Labor, Health and Welfare Appropriations Act of 1976; Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976; Equal Credit Opportunity Act Amendments of 1976; Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976; National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976; Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1975 Amendment; International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1976; Government in the Sunshine Act; National Emergencies Act; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1976; Tax Reform Act of 1976; Toxic Substances Control Act; Copyright Law Revision of 1976; Unemployment Compensation Overhaul; Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976; National Forest Management Act of 1976
"Most of the time, senators are unwilling to have their extended debates labeled as filibusters. But as far as I am concerned, one may call it whatever he wants. A rose by any other name smells the same." - Sen. Robert Byrd (D-WV)

"Most of the time, senators are unwilling to have their extended debates labeled as filibusters. But as far as I am concerned, one may call it whatever he wants. A rose by any other name smells the same." - Sen. Robert Byrd (D-WV)

"Old Thomas Jefferson said as a between a free press and a free government he would choose the former. I never could understand it, but as I serve longer in public office, I do." - Sen. Ernest "Fritz" Hollings (D-SC)

"Old Thomas Jefferson said as a between a free press and a free government he would choose the former. I never could understand it, but as I serve longer in public office, I do." - Sen. Ernest "Fritz" Hollings (D-SC)

95th Congress (1977-1979)
President: Jimmy Carter (D-GA)
Vice President: Walter Mondale (D-MN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 292 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas "Tip" P. O'Neill (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 61 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Robert C. Byrd (D-WV)
Important Enactments: Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977; Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977; Department of Energy Established; Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977; Food and Agriculture Act of 1977; Community Reinvestment Act of 1977; Fair Labor Standards Amendments; Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; Social Security Financing Amendments; Clean Water Act of 1977; International Emergency Economic Powers Act; Nuclear Nonproliferation Act of 1978; Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978; International Banking Act of 1978; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1978; Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1978; Inspector General Act of 1978; Civil Service Reform Act of 1978; Federal District and Circuit Judges Act of 1978; Airline Deregulation Act of 1978; Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act; Ethics in Government Act of 1978; Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978; Pregnancy, Sex Discrimination, Prohibition Act of 1978; Delegate to the House of Representatives from American Samoa; Presidential Record Act of 1978; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978; Revenue Act of 1978; Energy Tax Act of 1978; National Energy Conservation Policy Act; Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978; National Gas Policy Act of 1978; Proposed Constitutional Amendment Giving DC Full Voting in Congress

96th Congress (1979-1981)
President: Jimmy Carter (D-GA)
Vice President: Walter Mondale (D-MN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 278 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas "Tip" P. O'Neill (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 59 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Robert C. Byrd (D-WV)
Important Enactments: Taiwan Relations Act; Veterans Health Care Amendments of 1979; Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979; Trade Agreements Act of 1979; Panama Canal Act of 1979; Department of Education Organization Act; Second Continuing Appropriations Act of 1979; Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act; Refugee Act of 1980; Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980; Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980; Social Security Disability Amendments of 1979; Draft Registration Act; Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; Energy Security Act; Motor Carrier Act of 1980; Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act; Privacy Protection Act of 1980; Staggers Rail Act of 1980; Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1981; Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980; Foreign Service Act of 1980; Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act; Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980; Bayh-Dole Act (Patent Rights in Inventions Made with Federal Assistance); The Agriculture Appropriations Act of 1980 ; Second Continuing Appropriations Act of 1980; The Tonnage Measurement Simplification Act
"We need it." - Sen. Bob Dole (R-KS) (above), in response to Sen. Robert Byrd's (D-WV) announcement that at some point during a filibuster the chaplain is going to have to deliver a prayer.

"We need it." - Sen. Bob Dole (R-KS) (above), in response to Sen. Robert Byrd's (D-WV) announcement that at some point during a filibuster the chaplain is going to have to deliver a prayer.

"I increasingly believe that the essence of leadership, the essence of good Senate service, is the ability to be an eloquent listener, to hear and understand what your colleagues have to say, what your party has to say, what the country has to say .…

"I increasingly believe that the essence of leadership, the essence of good Senate service, is the ability to be an eloquent listener, to hear and understand what your colleagues have to say, what your party has to say, what the country has to say ... and try to translate that into effective policy." - Sen. Howard Baker (R-TN) (above), quoted in the Atlantic.

97th Congress (1981-1983)
President: Ronald Reagan (R-CA)
Vice President: George H.W. Bush (R-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 243 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas "Tip" P. O'Neill (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 53 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Howard H. Baker, Jr. (R-TN)
Important Enactments: Debt Limit Increase; Oil Industry Antitrust Exemption; Milk Price Supports; Supplemental Appropriations and Recission Act, 1981; Supplemental Appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services FY1981; Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981; Fiscal 1981 Supplemental Defense Authorization; Fiscal 1982 Continuing Appropriations; Veterans' Health Care, Training, and Small Business Loan Act of 1981; Further Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1982, Part 1; Energy and Water Development Appropriations, Fiscal 1982; District of Columbia Appropriation Act, 1982; Further Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1982, Part 2; Agriculture and Food Act of 1981; Department of Interior and Related Appropriations Act for FY 1982; HUD and Independent Agencies Appropriation Act for FY 1982; Department of Transportation and Related Appropriations Act for FY 1982; Department of Agriculture and Related Appropriations Act for FY 1982; Military Construction Appropriation Act, 1982; International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981; Department of Defense Appropriation Act, 1982; Foreign Aid Appropriations, Fiscal 1982; Social Security Act Amendments of 1981; Export Administration Amendments Act of 1981; Department of Agriculture Supplemental Appropriations Act FY 1982; Department of Labor Supplemental Appropriations Act FY 1982; Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 1982, Part 3; Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982; Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982; Supplemental Appropriations Act for FY 1982; Tobacco Program Revisions; Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982; Patent and Trademark Office Authorization; Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982; Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1983; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982; Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1982; Bus Regulatory Reform Act of 1982; Railway Labor-Management Dispute; HUD and Independent Agencies Appropriation Act for FY 1983; Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1983; Reclamation Law Amendments; Job Training Partnership Act of 1982; Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982; Military Construction Appropriation Act, 1983; Department of Transportation and Related Appropriations Act for FY 1983; Department of Agriculture and Related Appropriations Act for FY 1983; Continuing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1983 (Boland Amendments); District of Columbia Appropriation Act of 1983; Department of Interior and Related Appropriations Act for FY 1983; Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982; Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982; Outside Income of Senators; House Earned Income Limit; Contempt of Congress Proceedings Against Anne M. Gorsuch; Treasury Appropriations FY 1982; Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations, Fiscal 1982.; Fair Practices in Automotive Products Act; Nuclear Arms Freeze; Congressional Budget FY 1982; Disapproving AWACs Sale.; Justice Department Authorization; Balanced Budget/Tax Limitation Amendment; First Budget Resolution, Fiscal 1983

98th Congress (1983-1985)
President: Ronald Reagan (R-CA)
Vice President: George H.W. Bush (R-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 269 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas "Tip" P. O'Neill (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Howard H. Baker, Jr. (R-TN)
Important Enactments: Emergency Jobs Act of 1983; Social Security Amendments of 1983; Department of Housing and Urban Development Ap; Energy and Water Development Appropriation Act, 1984; Congressional Operations Appropriation Act, 1984; Supplemental Appropriations, Fiscal 1983; Interest Withholding Requirement Repeal; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1984; Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984; Further Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1984, Part 1; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1984; Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution; District of Columbia Appropriation Act, 1984; Labor, Health and Human Services, Education Appropriations, Fiscal 1084; Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.; Interior Appropriations, Fiscal 1984; Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 1984, Part 2; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1984; Dairy Production Stabilization; Supplemental Appropriations, Fiscal 1984; Department of Defense Appropriation Act; Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1984; Highway Trust Fund Appropriations Release; Shipping Act of 1984; Department of Health and Human Services Supplemental Appropriations Act FY 1984; Agricultural Programs Adjustment Act; District of Columbia Appropriations Increase; Supplemental FY84 Appropriations; Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984; Energy and Water Development Supplemental Appropriations Act FY 1985; Initial Funding for Manned Space Station; Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 Amendments; Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1985; Deficit Reduction Act of 1984; Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985; Equal Access Act; Child Support Enforcement Amendments of 1984; Second Supplemental Appropriations Act; Retirement Equity Act of 1984; Reclamation Dam Safety; Commerce-State-Justice appropriations bill for FY 1985; Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984; Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act; Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1985; Further Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1985, Part 1; Further Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1985, Part 2; Child Abuse Amendments of 1984; Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984; Further Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1985, Part 3; Omnibus Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1985; Comprehensive Smoking Education Act; National Organ Transplant Act; Education Amendments of 1984; Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985; Veterans' Health Care Act of 1984; Veterans' Dioxin and Radiation Exposure Compensation Standards Act; Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act; Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984; Cigarette Safety Act of 1984; Omnibus Tariff and Trade Act of 1984; Small Business and Federal Procurement Competition Enhancement Act Amendments; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985; Semiconductor Chip Protection; Coal Pipeline Act; Prohibition on Covert Action in Nicaragua; Universal Telephone Service; Export Administration Act; Foreign Assistance Authorization; Superfund Expansion; Equal Rights Amendment; Nuclear Freeze; First Budget Resolution, FY 1984; First Budget Resolution, FY 1985; Immigration Reform and Control Act; Human Life Federalism Amendment; Constitutional Amendment on School Prayer
"We have two classes of senators here. Those who are not rich, those who do not have a rich father who left them a few million dollars in a trust fund, or stock, or a rich wife--some of us married for love." - Sen. Jake Garn (R-UT)

"We have two classes of senators here. Those who are not rich, those who do not have a rich father who left them a few million dollars in a trust fund, or stock, or a rich wife--some of us married for love." - Sen. Jake Garn (R-UT)

"The adaptability and cunning of the coyote requires that all possible methods, lethal and nonlethal, be used in a manner that provides protection to big game and domestic livestock during such critical periods as lambing, fawning, and rearing. No o…

"The adaptability and cunning of the coyote requires that all possible methods, lethal and nonlethal, be used in a manner that provides protection to big game and domestic livestock during such critical periods as lambing, fawning, and rearing. No one is calling for extinction of that wily adversary." - Sen. Alan Simpson (R-WY)

99th Congress (1985-1987)
President: Ronald Reagan (R-CA)
Vice President: George H.W. Bush (R-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 254 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas "Tip" P. O'Neill (D-MA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 53 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Robert Dole (R-KS)
Important Enactments: African Famine Relief and Recovery Act of 1985; Supplemental Africa Relief Appropriations; MX Missile Authorization; International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985; Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1985; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987; First Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1986; Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1986; Second Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985; Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriation Act, 1986; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1986; Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1986; Third Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1986; Nuclear Cooperation Between the United States and China; Fourth Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985; Omnibus Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1985; Food Security Act of 1985; First Supplemental Agriculture Appropriations Act FY 1986; Second Supplemental Agriculture Appropriations Act FY 1986; Private Health Insurance Continuation Coverage under COBRA; Firearm Owners' Protection; Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986; Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986; Military Retirement Reform Act of 1986; Urgent Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1986; Daylight Saving Extension Act of 1985; Firearms' Owners Protection Act; Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1986; Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act; Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization of 1986; First Continuing Appropriations Act, 1986; Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986; Second Continuing Appropriations Act, 1986; Third Continuing Appropriations Act, 1986; Fourth Continuing Appropriations Act, 1986; Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986; Electronic Communications Privacy Act; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986; Tax Reform Act of 1986; Intelligence Authorization, Fiscal 1987; Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986; Continuing Appropriations, Fiscal 1987; Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1986; Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986; Department of Defense Authorization, Fiscal 1987; Water Resources Development Act of 1986; Broadcast Coverage of Senate Proceedings; Indiana 8th District Seat; Housing Act of 1986; Textile Import Quotas; Labor-Management Notification and Consultation Act of 1985; Pesticide Control Reauthorization; Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1986; First Budget Resolution, Fiscal 1986; Line-Item Veto; School Prayer; Product Liability Reform Act; Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment; Aid to Nicaraguan Rebels; Saudi Arms Sale; Budget Resolution, Fiscal 1987

100th Congress (1987-1989)
President: Ronald Reagan (R-CA)
Vice President: George H.W. Bush (R-TX)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 258 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. James Wright (D-TX)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Robert Byrd (D-WV)
Important Enactments: Water Quality Act of 1987; Surface Transportation Act of 1987; Farm Disaster Assistance; New GI Bill Continuation Act; Fiscal 1987 Supplemental Appropriations; Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act; Competitive Equality Banking Act of 1987; Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1988; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1988; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989; Independent-Counsel Law; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1988; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1988; Continuing Appropriations Act of 1988; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989; Airport and Airway Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of 1987; The Housing and Community Development Act of 1987; Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987; Contra Aid Passage; Emergency Veteran's Home Loan Supplemental Appropriation; Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988; Administration of Justice Improvement Act of 1988; Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1989; Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act; Aleutian and Pribilof Islands Restitution Act; Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1988; Department of Housing and Urban Development-Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1989; Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 1988; Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988; Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1989; Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1989; Department of Interior and Related Appropriations Act, 1989; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1989; Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1988; National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1989; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1989; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1989; Rural Development, Agriculture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1989; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1989; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1989; Family Support Act of 1988; Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988; Department of Veterans Affairs Act; Women's Business Ownership Act of 1988; Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988; Health Omnibus Programs Extension of 1988; Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988; Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988; Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988; Veterans' Judicial Review Act; Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988; Intermediate-Range Missiles Treaty; Fiscal 1988 Budget Resolution; Fiscal 1989 Budget Resolution/Adoption; Senatorial Election Campaign Act of 1987; Minimum Wage Restoration Act of 1988; Intelligence Oversight/Passage; Death Penalty for Drug-Related Killings; War Powers Compliance Act
"God forbid that anyone will ever tell me that the city of Washington is my home; it is not. I detest it. I really do. I cannot think of another place to have a nation’s capital in the world that is a worse place to live. The air compared to my stat…

"God forbid that anyone will ever tell me that the city of Washington is my home; it is not. I detest it. I really do. I cannot think of another place to have a nation’s capital in the world that is a worse place to live. The air compared to my state is abominable. We shorten our life spans by coming to this town." - Sen. Ted Stevens (R-AK)

Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell (D-ME)

Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell (D-ME)

101st Congress (1989-1991)
President: George H.W. Bush (R-TX)
Vice President: Dan Quayle (R-IN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 260 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. James Wright (D-TX) / Rep. Thomas S. Foley (D-WA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. George J. Mitchell (D-ME)
Important Enactments: Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989; Bipartisan Accord on Central America Implementation; Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations and Transfers, Urgent Supplementals, and Correcting Enrollment Errors Act of 1989; Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act of 1989; Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1989; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1990; Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1990; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1989; Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1990; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990; Military Construction Appropriation Act, 1990; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1989; Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1989; Rural Development, Agriculture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1990; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1990; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1990; Aid to Poland and Hungary/Passage; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991; Ethics Reform Act of 1989; Supplemental Appropriations Act FY 1990; Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Repeal Act of 1989; Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991; Fiscal 1990 Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act; Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; Oil Pollution Act of 1990; First Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1991; Second Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1991; Securities Market Reform Act of 1990; Third Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1991; Fourth Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1991; Fifth Continuing Appropriations Act FY 1991; Rural Development, Agriculture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; Fiscal 1991 Omnibus Reconciliation Act; Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1991; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1991; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1991; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1991; Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990; Clean Air Act Amendments; Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990; Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act; Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990; Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act; Crime Control Act of 1990; Immigration Act of 1990; Judicial Improvements Act of 1990; Threshold Test Ban Treaty; Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty; Frank Reprimand/Censure; Family and Medical Leave Act/ Veto Override; Emergency Chinese Immigration Relief Act of 1989; Temporary Capital Gains Tax Reduction Act of 1989; Textile, Apparel, and Footwear Trade Act of 1990; Senate Election Campaign Ethics Act of 1990; Educational Equity and Excellence Act of 1990; Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment; Fiscal 1990 Budget Resolution/Adoption; Fiscal 1991 Budget Resolution; Civil Rights Act of 1990; Supplemental Assistance for Emerging Democracies Act of 1990; Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991; FS-X Plane Development/Disapproval

102nd Congress (1991-1993)
President: George H.W. Bush (R-TX)
Vice President: Dan Quayle (R-IN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 267 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas S. Foley (D-WA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 56 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. George J. Mitchell (D-ME)
Important Enactments: Persian Gulf Resolution; Agent Orange Act of 1991; Resolution Trust Corporation Funding Act of 1991; Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991; First Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations, 1991; Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Supplemental Appropriations Act; Second Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1991; Intelligence Authorization Act, FY91; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1992; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1992; First Continuing Resolution, 1992; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1992; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1992; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992; Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1992; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992; Second Continuing Resolution, 1992; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act; Third Continuing Resolution, 1992; Emergency Unemployment Compensation Act of 1991; Civil Rights Act of 1991; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1992; Emergency Unemployment Compensation Act of 1991 Amendments; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991; Third Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations, 1991; Resolution Trust Corporation Refinancing, Restructuring, and Improvement Act of 1991; Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991; Fourth Continuing Resolution, 1992; Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1992, for Disaster Assistance; Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1992; ADAMHA Reorganization Act; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; Second Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1992, for Disaster Assistance; First Continuing Resolution, 1993; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1993; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1993; Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1993; Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriations Act, 1993; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993; Energy Policy Act of 1992; Freedom Support Act; Child Support Recovery Act of 1992; Housing and Community Development Act of 1992; Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992; Omnibus Water Bill; Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal Act; Twenty-Seventh Amendment; Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty; Disapproval of Fast-Track Procedures; Further Disclosure of House Bank Abused Adoption; Revenue Act of 1992; United States-China Act of 1991; National Institutes of Health Reauthorization/Fetal Tissue Research; International Cooperation Act of 1991; Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1991; Budget Process Reform Act of 1992; Tax Fairness and Economic Growth Act of 1992; Balanced-Budget Constitutional Amendment; Neighborhood Schools Improvement Act; Congressional Campaign Spending Limit and Election Reform Act of 1992; Family and Medical Leave Act/Substitute; Family Planning Amendments Act of 1992; Resolution Trust Corporation Funding Act of 1992
Speaker of the House, Rep. Thomas Foley (D-WA)

Speaker of the House, Rep. Thomas Foley (D-WA)

House Minority Leader, Rep. Bob Michel (R-IL)

House Minority Leader, Rep. Bob Michel (R-IL)

103rd Congress (1993-1995)
President: William Jefferson Clinton (D-AR)
Vice President: Al Gore (D-TN)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 258 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Thomas S. Foley (D-WA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. George J. Mitchell (D-ME)
Important Enactments: Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1993; National Voter Registration Act of 1993; Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1993; Government Performance and Results Act; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1994; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Relief From the Major, Widespread Flooding in the Midwest Act of 1993; National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1994; First Continuing Appropriation Act, 1994; Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1993; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1994; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1994; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1994; Second Continuing Appropriation Act, 1994; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1994; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1994; Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1994; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1994; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1994; Third Continuing Appropriation Act, 1994; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1994; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1994; Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993; Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994; North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act; Resolution Trust Corporation Competition Act; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1994; Federal Work Force Restructuring Act of 1994; Goals 2000: Educate America Act; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995; Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994; Supplemental Appropriations Act for HUD; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1995; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1995; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1995; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994; Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994; Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1995; Agricultural, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1995; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1995; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995; Federal Acquisitions Streamlining Act; Government Reform and Savings Act of 1993; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994; Dietary Supplemental Health and Education Act of 1994; U.S. Troops in Haiti; California Desert Protection Act of 1994; Uruguay Round Agreements Act; Packwood Diaries/Relevancy Requirement; Mining Law Overhaul; National Biological Survey; Revising Restrictions on the Regional Bell Companies Passage; Budget Control Act of 1994; Balanced-Budget Constitutional Amendment; Fiscal 1994 Budget Resolution; Somalia Troop Removal March 31 Deadline; Fiscal 1995 Budget Resolution; Campaign Finance; Department of Environmental Protection Act of 1993; Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1994; Product Liability Fairness Act; Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1994

104th Congress (1995-1997)
President: William Jefferson Clinton (D-AR)
Vice President: Al Gore (D-TN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 230 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 52 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Robert Dole (R-KS)
Important Enactments: Congressional Accountability Act of 1995; Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions for the Department of Defense to Preserve and Enhance Military Readiness Act of 1995; Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Additional Disaster Assistance, for Anti-terrorism Initiatives, for Assistance in the Recovery from the Tragedy that Occurred at Oklahoma City, and Rescissions Act, 1995; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1996; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1996; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996; Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriations Act, 1996; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1996; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; National Highway System Designation Act of 1995; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1996; Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996;; ICC Termination Act of 1995; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Seventh Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Eighth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I; Telecommunications Act of 1996; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1996; Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996; Ninth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Tenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996; Eleventh Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996;; Line Item Veto Act; Twelfth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 1996; Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996; Omnibus Consolidated Rescissions and Appropriations Act of 1996; Food Quality Protection Act of 1996; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997; Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996; Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996; Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996; Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1997; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1997; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1997; Defense of Marriage Act; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1997; Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997; National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996; Sustainable Fisheries Act; Gift Rules; Job Creation and Wage Enhancement Act of 1995; Product Liability Fairness Act of 1995; Clean Water Amendments of 1995; Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1995; Balanced Budget Act of 1995; Balanced-Budget Amendment; Term Limit Constitutional Amendment; Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment; Budget Resolution for FY 1996; Budget Resolution for FY 1997; Bosnia and Herzegovina Self-Defense Act of 1995; Senate Campaign Finance Reform Act of 1995; Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1996; Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 1996
Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA), the Speaker of the House

Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA), the Speaker of the House

Sen. Trent Lott, the Senate Majority Leader

Sen. Trent Lott, the Senate Majority Leader

105th Congress (1997-1999)
President: William Jefferson Clinton (D-AR)
Vice President: Al Gore (D-TN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 226 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Newt Gingrich (R-GA)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Trent Lott (R-MS)
Important Enactments: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery from Natural Disasters, and for Overseas Peacekeeping Efforts, Including Those in Bosnia; Balanced Budget Act of 1997; Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1998; First Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1998; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1998; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1998; Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1998; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1998; Second Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1998; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998; Third Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1998; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1998; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1998; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998; Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1998; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998; Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1998; Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1998; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998; Overturning Line Item Vetos; 1998 Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act; Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century; Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998; Credit Union Membership Access Act; Workforce Investment Act of 1998; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1999; First Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1999; Higher Education Amendments of 1998; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1999; Second Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1999; Third Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1999; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1999; Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1999; Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1999; Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act for FY1999; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1999; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999; Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999; Sonny Bono Copyright Extension Act of 1998; Digital Millennium Copyright Act; Iraq Liberation Act; Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic Join NATO; Chemical Weapons Treaty; Reprimand of Rep. Newt Gingrich; Release of Starr Report; Impeachment of President Clinton; Financial Services Overhaul; Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1997; Citizens Access to Justice Act of 1998; Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 1998; United States-Caribbean Trade Partnership Act; Education Savings and School Excellence Act of 1998; Helping Empower Low-income Parents (HELP) Scholarships Amendments of 1997; Patient Protection Act of 1998; Fiscal 1998 Budget Resolution; Working Families Flexibility Act of 1997; Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1997; Fast Track/Cloture; National Tobacco Policy and Youth Smoking Reduction Act; Human Cloning Prohibition Act; Paycheck Protection Act; Balanced-Budget Constitutional Amendment/ Passage

106th Congress (1999-2001)
President: William Jefferson Clinton (D-AR)
Vice President: Al Gore (D-TN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 226 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Trent Lott (R-MS)
Important Enactments: Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999; 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act; Y2K Act; National Missile Defense Act of 1999; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 2000; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2000; Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2000; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2000; First Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000; Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000; Second Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2000; Third Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; Financial Services Act of 1999; Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; Seventh Continuing Appropriation Act, FY 2000; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000; Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999; Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century; Trade and Development Act of 2000; Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act; Tax-Exempt Political Disclosure Act; Military Construction Appropriations Act FY 2001; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2001; Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Intercountry Adoption Act of 2000; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; United States-China Relations Act of 2000; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Kids 2000 Act; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Department of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001; Seventh Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001; Eighth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Ninth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001; Tenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Eleventh Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Twelfth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Thirteenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Fourteentn Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Sixteenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2001; Fifteenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2001; Seventeenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Eighteenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Nineteenth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan; Twentieth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Final Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2001; Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001; Consolidated Appropriations Act 2001; Death Tax Elimination Act of 2000; Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 1999; Steel Import Quotas; Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Accountability and Rehabilitation Act of 1999; Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000; Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 1999; Financial Freedom Act of 1999; Certified Development Company Program Improvements Act of 2000; Patients' Bill of Rights Plus Act; Medicare Rx 2000 Act; Marriage Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2000; Debt Relief Lock-box Reconciliation Act for Fiscal Year 2001; Fiscal 2000 Budget Resolution; Fiscal 2001 Budget Resolution; Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2000; Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2000; Military Operations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Acts
Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL), the Speaker of the House.

Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL), the Speaker of the House.

Sen. Thomas A. Daschle (D-SD), who became the Senate majority leader after Sen. James Jeffords (R-VT)left the Republican party.

Sen. Thomas A. Daschle (D-SD), who became the Senate majority leader after Sen. James Jeffords (R-VT)left the Republican party.

107th Congress (2001-2003)
President: George W. Bush (R-TX)
Vice President: Dick Cheney (R-WY)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 220 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 51 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Thomas A. Daschle (D-SD)
Important Enactments: Ergonomics Rule Disapproval/Passage; Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001; Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2001; Crop Year 2001 Agricultural Economic Assistance Act; 2001 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Terrorist Attacks on US; Authorization of Use of Force Against Perpetrators of 9-11 Attacks; Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act; US-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; USA PATRIOT Act; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 2002; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002; Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2002; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2002; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; Aviation and Transportation Security Act; VA-HUD Appropriations Act, 2002; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002; Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002; Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; Seventh Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2002; Eighth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2002; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002; No Child Left Behind Act of 2001; Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2002; Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002; Defense and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Terror Response Act of 2002; Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act; Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002; Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002; Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; Fiscal 2002 Supplemental Appropriations; Trade Act of 2002; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Authorization of Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Defense Appropriations Act FY 2003; Military Construction Appropriations Act FY 2003; Help America Vote Act of 2002; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Homeland Security Act of 2002; Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002; Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003; Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003; Energy Policy Act of 2002; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2001; Internet Freedom and Broadband Deployment Act of 2001; Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001; Bipartisan Patient Protection Act; WORK Act of 2002; Medicare Modernization and Prescription Drug Act of 2002; Interior Appropriations Act FY 2003; VA-HUD Appropriations Act FY 2003; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act FY 2003; Agriculture Appropriations Act FY 2003; Foreign Operations Appropriations Act FY 2003; Energy-Water Appropriations Act FY 2003; DC Appropriations Act FY 2003; Transportation Appropriations Act FY 2003; Treasury-Postal Service Appropriations Act FY 2003; Fiscal 2002 Budget Resolution; Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act FY 2003; Commerce-Justice Appropriations Act FY 2003

108th Congress (2003-2005)
President: George W. Bush (R-TX)
Vice President: Dick Cheney (R-WY)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 229 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 51 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. William H. Frist (R-TN)
Important Enactments: Sixth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Seventh Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Eighth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2003; Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003; Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003; U.S. Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003; Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003; “Do Not Call” Registry FTC Rule Ratification; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2004; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004; Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2004; Partial-Birth Abortion Ban of 2003; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2004; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004; Military Construction Appropriations Act, 2004; Fourth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2004; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2004; Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003; Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act; Medical Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003; Vision 100--Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act; Fifth Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2004; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004; Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004; Project BioShield Act of 2004; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2004; First Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2005; Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004; Military Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005; Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2005; District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2005; American Jobs Creation Act of 2004; Water Supply, Reliability and Environmental Improvement Act; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005; Justice For All Act of 2004; Second Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2005; Third Continuing Appropriation Act FY 2005; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005; Arizona Water Settlements Act; Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004; War in Iraq and U.S. Troops Resolution; PRIDE Act; Energy Policy Act of 2003; Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act of 2003; Class Action Fairness Act of 2003; Head Start Reauthorization; Importation of Prescription Drugs/Passage; Improving the Community Services Block Grant Act of 2004; Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2004; Help Efficient, Accessible, Low Cost, Timely Healthcare (HEALTH) Act of 2004; Spending Control Act of 2004; Same-Sex Marriage Ban Constitutional Amendment; Fiscal 2004 Budget Resolution; Media Ownership FCC Rule Disapproval; Fiscal 2005 Budget Resolution
Sen. William H. Frist (R-TN), the Senate Majority Leader.

Sen. William H. Frist (R-TN), the Senate Majority Leader.

Vice President Dick Cheney (R-WY)

Vice President Dick Cheney (R-WY)

109th Congress (2005-2007)
President: George W. Bush (R-TX)
Vice President: Dick Cheney (R-WY)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 233 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-IL)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. William H. Frist (R-TN)
Important Enactments: Class Action Fairness Act of 2005; Schiavo Medical Care; Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005; Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act; Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2006; Energy Policy Act of 2005; Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act (SAFETEA-LU); Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Meet Immediate Needs Arising From the Consequences of Hurricane Katrina, 2005; Second Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Meet Immediate Needs Arising From the Consequences of Hurricane Katrina, 2005; First Continuing Resolution FY 2006; Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2006; Protection of Unlawful Commerce in Arms Act; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2006; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006; Second Continuing Resolution FY 2006; Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006; Military Quality of Life and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2006; Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006; Third Continuing Resolution FY 2006; Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006; Deficit Reduction Act of 2005; Making supplemental appropriations for fiscal year 2006 for the Small Business Administration's disaster loans program, and for other purposes; USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005; USA PATRIOT Act Additional Reauthorizing Amendments Act of 2006; Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006; Hamer, Parks and King Voting Rights Reauthorization Amendments; Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006; Pension Protection Act of 2006; Federal Funding and Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 Defense Appropriations Act, 2007; Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007; SAFE Port Act; John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007; Military Commissions Act of 2006; Secure Fence Act of 2006; First Continuing Resolution FY 2007; Second Continuing Resolution FY 2007; Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006; The Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006; Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act; The Stolen Valor Act of 2005; House Ethics Rules; Iraq War Resolution; Death Tax Repeal Permanency Act of 2005; Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005; East Asia Security Act of 2005; Threatened and Endangered Species Recovery Act of 2005; Private Property Rights Implementation Act of 2006; 527 Reform Act of 2006; Communications Act of 2006; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007; Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007; Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007; Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2007; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2007; Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2007; Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007; Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007; Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2007; Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act; Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act; Fairness in Asbestos Injury Resolution Act of 2005; Securing America's Borders Act; Flag Desecration Constitutional Amendment/Passage

110th Congress (2007-2009)
President: George W. Bush (R-TX)
Vice President: Dick Cheney (R-WY)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 233 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Harry M. Reid (D-NV)
Important Enactments: Third Continuing Resolution FY 2007; U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Appropriations Act, 2007; Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007; Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007; Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007; Protect America Act of 2007; Honest Leadership and Open Government Act; College Cost Reduction and Access Act; FDA Amendments Act of 2007; First Continuing Resolution FY 2008; Water Resources Development Act of 2007; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2008; Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007; Second Continuing Resolution FY 2008; United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act; Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; Third Continuing Resolution FY 2008; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008; Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2007; OPEN Government Act of 2007; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008; Economic Stimulus Act of 2008; Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008; Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; Second Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008; FISA Amendments Act of 2008; Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008; Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008; Global HIV/AIDS Program Reauthorization/Motion to Concur; Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008; ADA Amendments Act of 2008; Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009; Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008; U.S.-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Act; Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008; House Rules; Colombia Trade ‘Fast Track’ Requirements; Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007; Tobacco Products Regulation/Passage; Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2007; District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2007; Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007; Lieberman-Warner Climate Security Act of 2008; Fiscal 2008 Budget Resolution
Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), the Speaker of the House.

Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), the Speaker of the House.

Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV), the Senate Majority Leader.

Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV), the Senate Majority Leader.

111th Congress (2009-2011)
President: Barack H. Obama (D-IL)
Vice President: Joe Biden (D-DE)
House Majority Party: Democrat
House Majority Seats: 257 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 59 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Harry M. Reid (D-NV)
Important Enactments: Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act; Expansion of State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP); American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; Continuing Appropriations Act of 2009; Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009; Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009; The Serve America Act; Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009; Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009; Tobacco Regulation; Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009; Supplemental Appropriations for the Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save Program; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2009; Agriculture Appropriation Act of 2009; Veterans Affairs Appropriations Advancement; Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2009; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010; Department of Energy Appropriations Act of 2009; Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2010; Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2009; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; Defense Appropriations Act of 2009; Public Debt Limit Increase; Travel Promotion Act of 2009; Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Small Business Loan Guarentee Act Extension; Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010; Continuing Extension Act of 2010; Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010; Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010; Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2010; Iraq and Afghanistan Supplemental Appropriations Act; Patent and Trademark Supplemental Appropriations Act; Education, Jobs and Medicaid Funding Act; Border Security Appropriations Act; Small Business Jobs Act of 2010; Continuing Appropriations Act; Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010; First Continuing Appropriations Act of 2010; Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010; Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, And Job Creation Act Of 2010; Second Continuing Appropriations Act of 2010; Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010; Continuing Appropriations and Surface Transportation Extensions Act; James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act; FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA); Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011; New START Treaty; Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act; American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009; DISCLOSE Act; Emergency Senior Citizens Relief Act of 2010; District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2009; Medicare Physician Fairness Act; Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2010; Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act of 2010; Troubled Asset Relief Program Disapproval; Greenhouse Gas Regulation EPA Rule Disapproval; Fiscal 2010 Budget Resolution

112th Congress (2011-2013)
President: Barack H. Obama (D-IL)
Vice President: Joe Biden (D-DE)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 242 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John Boehner (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 53 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Harry M. Reid (D-NV)
Important Enactments: First Continuing Appropriations Amendments of 2011 (through 03/18/2011); Second Continuing Appropriations Amendments of 2011 (through 03/18/2011); Third Continuing Appropriations Amendments of 2011 (through 03/18/2011); DoD and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (through 09/30/2011); PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011; Budget Control Act of 2011; Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part IV; Leahy-Smith America Invents Act; First Continuing Appropriations Act of FY 2012; Second Continuing Appropriations Act of FY 2012; United States-Korea Free Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act; United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act; United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act; Third Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 [Minibus]; Fourth Continuing Appropriations Act of FY 2012; Fifth Continuing Appropriations Act of FY 2012; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012; Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2012; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012; FAA Modernization Act of 2012; Year-End Extensions/Substitute; Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (STOCK Act); Jumpstart our Business Startups (JOBS) Act; Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21 Act); Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012; Normalization of Trade Relations with Russia; National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013; American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012; Use of Ground Forces in Libya Resolution; Holder Contempt Resolution; Fiscal 2011 Continuing Appropriations; Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act; Protect Life Act; Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011; Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2013; Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2013; Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2013; Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2013; Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2013; Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; STEM Jobs Act of 2012; Spending Reduction Act of 2012; Disaster Relief and Myanmar Sanctions/Substitute Amendment; House Fiscal 2012 Budget Resolution; House Fiscal 2013 Budget Resolution; Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011; Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2012; Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2012; Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2013; Cybersecurity Act of 2012; NLRB Union Election Rules Resolution
Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), the Speaker of the House

Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), the Speaker of the House

Vice President Joe Biden (D-DE)

Vice President Joe Biden (D-DE)

113th Congress (2013-2015)
President: Barack H. Obama (D-IL)
Vice President: Joe Biden (D-DE)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 234 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John Boehner (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Democrat
Senate Majority Seats: 55 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Harry M. Reid (D-NV)
Important Enactments: Hurricane Sandy Relief Act; Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013; No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013; Violence Against Women Act; Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; Reducing Flight Delays Act of 2013; Smarter Solutions for Students Act; Pay Our Military Act; Department of Defense Survivor Benefits Continuing Appropriations Resolution FY 2014; Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014; Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013; Continuing Appropriations Act of 2014 Part III; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Agricultural Act of 2014; Debt Limit Extension; Water Resources Reform and Development Act (WRRDA); Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014; Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act; Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Resolution, 2014; Veterans Access, Choice and Accountability Act of 2014; Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015; Continuing Resolution (through December 13, 2014); Continuing Resolution (through December 17, 2014); Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; Howard Coble Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2014; Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015; No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2014; Nuclear Iran Prevention Act of 2013; Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act; Save American Workers Act of 2014; Keep Your Health Plan Act of 2013; USA FREEDOM Act of 2014; Electricity Security and Affordability Act; Endangered Species Designations; Homeland Security Appropriations Act FY 2015; Keystone XL Pipeline; Preventing Executive Overreach on Immigration Act of 2014; Supporting America's Charities Act; U.S. Military Forces in Iraq; Safe Communities, Safe Schools Act of 2013; Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act; Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013; Fiscal 2014 Defense Authorization; Military Justice Improvement Act of 2013; Paycheck Fairness Act; Minimum Wage Fairness Act

114th Congress (2015-2017)
President: Barack H. Obama (D-IL)
Vice President: Joe Biden (D-DE)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 247 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. John Boehner (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 54 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY)
Important Enactments: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016; Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act; Student Success Act; Secure Our Borders Now Act; Keystone XL Pipeline Approval Act; Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017; Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015; Trade Promotion Authority; Patriot Act Revision; Budget Deal; Every Student Succeeds Act; Surface Transportation; Opioid Abuse Prevention and Treatment; Puerto Rico Debt Reorganiation; Pharmaceutical Research; Funding for Flint, Mich.
Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY), the Senate Majority Leader.

Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY), the Senate Majority Leader.

115th Congress (2017-2019)
President: Donald J. Trump (R-NY)
Vice President: Michael R. Pence (R-IN)
House Majority Party: Republican
House Majority Seats: 241 out of 435
House Speaker: Rep. Paul Ryan (R-OH)
Senate Majority Party: Republican
Senate Majority Seats: 52 out of 100
Senate Majority Leader: Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY)
Important Enactments: